Repetitive strain injury (RSI) compensation

Repetitive strain injuries, often shortened to RSI, are one of the most common workplace health problems in the UK. They affect employees across a wide range of industries, from office workers who spend long hours typing to factory staff performing repetitive movements on assembly lines.

Continuous repetitive tasks, poor posture, or working without sufficient breaks cause these injuries. Over time, the strain builds up and leads to painful conditions that can affect muscles, tendons, and nerves. Carpal tunnel syndrome, tendonitis, and chronic pain are among the most frequent outcomes.

While RSI may start as minor discomfort, it can quickly progress to a serious condition that limits a person’s ability to work or even carry out day-to-day activities. Employers have a duty to protect staff by reducing risks and providing safe systems of work. When they fail to do so, employees may have the right to claim compensation.

What causes repetitive strain injuries?

RSI develops gradually over time and is usually linked to repetitive tasks performed without enough rest or support. Common causes include:

• Typing or computer use – spending long hours at a keyboard without ergonomic support.
• Assembly line work – repetitive hand or wrist movements carried out continuously.
• Manual tasks – scanning, packing, or lifting small items repeatedly throughout the day.
• Use of vibrating tools – drills or machinery that place continuous stress on muscles and joints.
• Poor posture – sitting or standing in awkward positions for prolonged periods.
• Lack of breaks – failing to allow time for muscles and tendons to recover.

These activities are not dangerous in themselves, but when repeated continuously without proper precautions, they can result in long-term damage.

Types of repetitive strain injuries

RSI is not one single condition but a broad term covering a range of musculoskeletal disorders. Some of the most common include:

• Carpal tunnel syndrome – pressure on the median nerve in the wrist, causing pain, tingling, and numbness in the hand.
• Tendonitis – inflammation of tendons, particularly in the wrist, elbow, or shoulder.
• Bursitis – swelling of fluid-filled sacs that cushion the joints.
• Epicondylitis (tennis or golfer’s elbow) – strain in the elbow caused by repetitive hand or arm movements.
• Chronic pain syndromes – long-term discomfort in muscles and joints from continuous strain.

These conditions vary in severity. Some respond well to rest and physiotherapy, while others may require surgery or long-term treatment.

Signs and symptoms of RSI

Early signs of RSI are often ignored, but identifying them quickly is key to preventing further damage. Symptoms may include:

• Persistent pain or aching in the hands, wrists, arms, or shoulders
• Tingling, numbness, or loss of sensation in the fingers
• Weakness or reduced grip strength
• Stiffness and limited movement in joints
• Fatigue or heaviness in the affected limbs

Symptoms may begin as mild discomfort during work but can become constant if the condition is left untreated.

Employer responsibilities for preventing RSI

Employers have a legal duty under UK health and safety law to assess the risk of repetitive strain injuries and take steps to reduce them. Responsibilities include:

• Carrying out risk assessments to identify tasks that may cause strain
• Providing ergonomic equipment such as adjustable chairs, keyboards, and desks
• Designing tasks to reduce repetitive motions where possible
• Allowing regular breaks to prevent the overuse of muscles and tendons
• Offering training on safe posture, workstation setup, and stretching exercises
• Rotating job roles to limit exposure to repetitive tasks

When employers fail to take these precautions, workers are more likely to suffer avoidable injuries.

The impact of repetitive strain injuries

RSI can have a profound effect on a person’s quality of life. For many workers, the condition means ongoing pain that does not stop when the workday ends. Everyday activities such as cooking, writing, or driving may become difficult.

Financial strain is also common. Employees may need extended time off work to recover, and some are unable to return to their original job at all. This loss of income, combined with the cost of medical treatment or physiotherapy, creates further stress.

On top of the physical and financial pressures, RSI often leads to emotional challenges. Chronic pain can cause frustration, anxiety, and in some cases, depression. These wider effects highlight why compensation is so important for those affected.

What to do if you develop RSI at work

If you notice signs of RSI, taking action early can prevent your condition from worsening and strengthen any future claim:

1. Seek medical advice – visit a GP or specialist to confirm the diagnosis.
2. Report the condition – notify your employer and ensure it is recorded in writing.
3. Request adjustments – ask for ergonomic equipment or changes to your tasks where possible.
4. Document your symptoms – keep a record of pain levels, treatments, and how the condition affects your daily life.
5. Seek legal advice – a solicitor can explain your rights and whether you are entitled to compensation.

These steps protect both your health and your position if you choose to make a claim.

Making a repetitive strain injury claim

If your RSI was caused or worsened by your work conditions, you may be entitled to claim compensation. The amount will depend on factors such as:

• The severity of your condition and expected recovery time
• The cost of treatment, including physiotherapy or surgery
• Lost earnings and reduced ability to work in the future
• The pain and suffering caused by ongoing symptoms
• Any long-term adaptations needed at home or in the workplace

A successful claim can provide the financial support needed to manage the condition and reduce the stress of lost income or treatment costs.